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mGlu1 receptor

Family: Metabotropic glutamate receptors

Contents:
Gene and Protein Information
Previous and Unofficial Names
Database Links
Agonists
Antagonists
Allosteric Regulators
Transduction Mechanisms
Tissue Distribution
Expression Datasets
Functional Assays
Physiological Functions
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models
Biologically Significant Variants
References
Gene and Protein Information
class C G protein-coupled receptor
Species TM AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 7 1194 6q24 GRM1 glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1 14,19,68
Mouse 7 1199 10 A2 Grm1 glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1 78
Rat 7 1199 1p13 Grm1 glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1 25,53
Previous and Unofficial Names
mGluR1
GPRC1A
mGlu1
G protein coupled receptor family C group 1 member A
G protein coupled receptor, family C, group 1, member A
metabotropic glutamate receptor 1
Grm1
rcw
nmf373
4930455H15Rik
wobl
Database Links
ChEMBL Target 11279 (Hs), 19642 (Mm), 12894 (Rn)
DrugBank Target 916 (Hs)
Ensembl ENSG00000152822 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000019828 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000014290 (Rn)
Entrez Gene 2911 (Hs), 14816 (Mm), 24414 (Rn)
GeneCards GRM1 (Hs)
GenitoUrinary Development Molecular Anatomy Project Grm1 (Mm)
HomoloGene 649 (Hs)
Human Protein Reference Database 05129 (Hs)
InterPro Q13255 (Hs), P97772 (Mm), P23385 (Rn)
KEGG Gene hsa:2911 (Hs), mmu:14816 (Mm), rno:24414 (Rn)
OMIM 604473 (Hs)
PharmGKB Gene PA28990 (Hs)
PhosphoSitePlus Q13255 (Hs), P97772 (Mm), P23385 (Rn)
Protein Ontology (PRO) PRO:000008263 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide NM_000838 (Hs), NM_016976 (Mm), NM_017011 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein NP_000829 (Hs), NP_058672 (Mm), NP_058707 (Rn)
TreeFam ENSG00000152822 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000019828 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000014290 (Rn)
UniGene Hs. 32945 (Hs)
UniProt Q13255 (Hs), P97772 (Mm), P23385 (Rn)
Wikipedia mGlu1 receptor
Metabotropic glutamate receptors
Search for 3D structures on the PDB
Search by keyword: Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGlu1 receptor Search by accession number: P23385, Q13255, P97772
Natural/Endogenous Ligand(s)
L-glutamic acid
Comments: Other endogenous ligands include L-aspartic acid, L-SOP, NAAG and L-cysteine sulphinic acid
Agonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Affinity Units Reference
[3H]quisqualate Rn Full agonist 7.5 – 7.7 pKd 39,49
quisqualate Rn Full agonist 7.5 – 8.0 pKi 39,59
L-glutamic acid Rn Full agonist 6.4 – 6.5 pKi 39,59
ibotenate Rn Full agonist 5.9 – 6.4 pKi 59,74
(1S,3R)-ACPD Rn Full agonist 5.5 – 6.1 pKi 39,59,74
3,5-DHPG Rn Full agonist 5.8 pKi 39
L-CCG-I Rn Full agonist 5.6 pKi 59
(S)-3HPG Rn Partial agonist 4.9 pIC50 59
Agonist Comments
Values indicated are those determined from binding studies on recombinant mGlu1a receptors. Further information on agonist pharmacology as based on functional assays can be found in [64].

So far no differences in the agonist pharmacological profile has been reported between the rat and human mGlu1 receptors using functional assays.

The best characterized agonists of the ionotropic glutamate receptors, AMPA, NMDA and kainate are inactive on mGlu1. Although several splice variants of mGlu1 have been identified (see below), all are likely to have an identical agonist pharmacology since they possess an indentical agonist binding site.

The agonist binding site is located in the large extracellular domain of this receptor, that retains its ability to bind ligands when produced as a soluble protein. The structure of this binding domain has been solved [37,76]. This domain is formed of two lobes, and agonists bind in the cleft between the two lobes. Agonists likely stabilize a closed form of this domain, whereas antagonists prevent closure. Functional importance of critical residues involved in agonist action has been confirmed by mutagenesis studies [60,63].

Cations such as Ca2+ have been proposed to directly activate mGlu1 receptors [18,36,73]. However, it is still unclear whether this is a direct agonist effect or if this is due to a potentiation of ambient glutamate produced by the cells expressing the recombinant receptor.
Antagonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Affinity Units Reference
AIDA Hs Antagonist 4.2 pA2 58
LY341495 Hs Antagonist 7.8 pKi 32
(S)-4C3HPG Hs Antagonist 5.8 – 6.0 pKi 39,59
LY367385 Rn Antagonist 5.9 pKi 39
(S)-4CPG Rn Antagonist 5.4 pKi 39
DCG-IV Rn Antagonist 4.1 pKi 59
AIDA Rn Antagonist 4.0 pKi 39
(+)-MCPG Rn Antagonist 3.8 pKi 39
3-MATIDA Rn Antagonist 5.2 pIC50 57
LY367385 Hs Antagonist 5.1 pIC50 10
(S)-(+)-CBPG Rn Antagonist 4.2 pIC50 50
(S)-TBPG Rn Antagonist 4.2 pIC50 13
View species-specific antagonist tables
Antagonist Comments
Indicated affinities were determined by displacement studies of [3H]quisqualate bound on HEK cell membranes expressing a recombinant rat mGlu1 (except for LY341495 value determined from functional studies). More information on agonist potencies determined from functional studies can be obtained from [64]. So far no differences have been reported for the antagonist affinities between the rat and the human receptor. Although LY367385 and AIDA have been shown to specifically antagonize mGlu1 receptors versus mGlu5, both compounds are able to displace bound [3H]quisqualate to mGlu5 (see [64]).
Allosteric Regulators
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Affinity Units Reference
[3H]R214127 Hs Negative 9.0 pKd 39
[3H]EM-TBPC Rn Positive 8.2 pKd 49
NPS2390 Rn Negative 8.9 pKi 39
R214127 Rn Negative 8.9 pKi 39
9-dimethylamino-3-(4-ethylphenyl)-3H-5-thia-1,3,6-triazafluoren-4-one Hs Negative 8.3 pKi 77
Ro67-7476 Rn Positive 7.5 – 7.9 pKi 34
Ro01-6128 Rn Positive 7.5 – 7.7 pKi 34
CPCCOEt Rn Negative 5.3 pKi 39
Ro67-4853 Rn Positive 5.1 pKi 34
R214127 Hs Negative 8.9 pIC50 43
A841720 Hs Negative 8.0 pIC50 77
3,5-dimethyl PPP Rn Negative 7.8 pIC50 56
DM-PPP Rn Negative 7.8 pIC50 56
YM298198 Rn Negative 7.8 pIC50 35
BAY 367620 Rn Negative 6.8 – 8.0 pIC50 9,39
EM-TBPC Rn Negative 6.9 pIC50 49
LY456236 Hs Negative 6.9 pIC50 45
CPCCOEt Hs Negative 5.2 pIC50 46
View species-specific allosteric regulator tables
Allosteric Regulator Comments
Values for Ro67-4853 and Ro67-7476 were determined by binding studies using [3H]R214127 binding [39] or from functional studies [9,34,46]. Among these allosteric regulators only NPS2390 is not mGlu1 selective, being also active as a negative allosteric modulator of mGlu5. Among the positive modulators, only Ro67-4853 is active on the human receptor [34]. The binding site of all allosteric regulators have been mapped within the 7 transmembrane domain of the receptor [9,34,46,49].

Explore drug-target interactions for this set of compounds using iPHACE

Primary Transduction Mechanisms
Transducer Effector/Response
Gq/G11 family Phospholipase C stimulation
Comments: 
The main action of mGlu1 is to activate PLC via Gq/11. This can be measured via the inositol phosphate production or increase in intracelular Ca2+ both in cell lines expressing this recombinant receptor or in native tissue such as brain slices or cultured neurons.
References:  3,11,61
Secondary Transduction Mechanisms
Transducer Effector/Response
Gs family
Gi/Go family 		Adenylate cyclase stimulation
Potassium channel
Calcium channel
Phospholipase A2 stimulation
Phospholipase D stimulation
Other - See Comments
Comments: 
Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase has been reported in transfected cell lines, and in native tissue although it is not yet known whether this effect is due to mGlu1 or mGlu5 or both (see ref in [11]).
Coupling of group-I mGlu receptors to PTX-sensitive G-proteins Gi and Go has also been observed in many cells including neurons. Such a coupling is at the origin of MAPK activation.
PLD activation has been reported both in brain slices [11,33], but it is not known whether this effect is mediated by mGlu1 or mGlu5. Alternatively, some studies reported such a response may also be generated by an mGlu receptor with specific pharmacological properties [7].
Activation of big potassium currents likely results from the increase in intracellular Ca2+. However, inhibition of various type of potassium currents lead to an increase in cell excitability [3].
Both inhibition and potentiation of voltage sensitive Ca2+ channels (N and L types) have been reported.
Regulation of non-selective cation currents, likely TRP channels including TRPC1 has been reported [31].
References:  3,11,61
Tissue Distribution
Testes.
Species:  Human
Technique:  immunocytochemistry.
References:  70
Thymus, thymocytes, TC-1s thymic epithelial cell line.
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  69
Peripheral unmyelinated sensory afferent terminals.
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  Immunoelectron microscopy.
References:  6
GABAergic neurons of the cerebellar cortex, somatostatin/GABA-immunopositive cells in the neocortex and hippocampus.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry.
References:  5
Olfactory bulb, CA3 region of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, globus pallidus, thalamic nuclei, medial geniculate nucleus, mammillary bodies, Darkshevich's nucleus, deep cerebellar nuclei, lateral vestibular nucleus, facial nucleus, spinal motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  in situ hybridisation.
References:  17
Olfactory bulb, thalamic nuclei (anterodorsal, anteroventral, ventrolateral posterior, medial geniculate, nucleus gelatinosum) > lateral hypothalamus, island of Calleja, mammillary bodies, nucleus of Darkshevich, brainstem, cranial nuclei, ventral horn of the spinal cord.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry.
References:  17
mGlu1(a): cerebellum, diencephalon, mesencephalon, olfactory bulb, brainstem.
mGlu1(b): cerebral cortex, septum, striatum.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  PCR.
References:  23
In the hippocampus, mGlu1(a) is located in non-principal neurones in all areas, including the oriens-alveus border of the CA1 field, whereas mGlu1(b) is expressed in principal cells of the CA3 field and dentate granule cells, but absent in the CA1 region.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry.
References:  15
Purkinje cell bodies and dendrites, golgi neurones of the granular cell layer, hippocampus (interneurons of the striatum oriens and dentate hilar region).
Species:  Rat
Technique:  immunocytochemistry.
References:  23
mGlu1(b): magnocellular neurons of the neuroendocrine supraoptic, paraventricular and circuate nuclei, neuronal cell bodies of the retrochiasmatic, anterior commissural and paraventricular nuclei.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  immunocytochemistry.
References:  54
mGlu1(b) and mGlu1(c): Hippocampus: CA3 region > granule cells.
Absent in CA1 region.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry.
References:  47
mGlu1(a): heart: nerve terminals, ganglion cells and elements of the conducting system.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  immunocytochemistry.
References:  21
Subpopulation of basal keratinocytes.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  immunocytochemistry.
References:  20
mGlu1(a) and mGlu1(b): circumvallate papillae (taste buds).
Species:  Rat
Technique:  RT-PCR, in situ hybridisation, immunocytochemistry.
References:  75
Testes.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  70
Hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA2-3, cerebellar Purkinje cells.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  in situ hybridization.
References:  53
When examined at the electron microscopic level in the cerebellar cortex, mGlu(1b) was found at the same perisynaptic location as mGlu(1a).
Species:  Rat
Technique:  immunocytochemistry.
References:  55
Cerebellum, mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, lateral septum, thalamus, globus pallidus, entopendenuclear nucleus, ventral pallidum, magnocellular preoptic nucleus, substantia nigra, dorsal cochlear nucleus > dentate gyrus, striatum, islands of Calleja, superficial layers of the retrospinal, cingulate and entorhinal cortices, mammillary nuclei, red nucleus, superior colliculus.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  in situ hybridization.
References:  66
Cerebellar cortex.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  immunocytochemistry.
References:  26
Neostriatum, neocortex, hippocampus.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  in situ hybridization.
References:  30
Unipolar brush cells of cerebellum and cochlear nuclear complex.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  immunocytochemistry.
References:  28
Striatal neurons.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry.
References:  71
At the subcellular level, mGlu1 proteins were found in post-synaptic elements on the side of the post-synaptic density. Although some reports have suggested the presence of mGlu1 in pre-synaptic elements, this issue remains at present unresolved.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  immunocytochemistry.
References:  17,47-48
Retina.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  in situ hybridisation.
References:  24
Olfactory bulb, stratum oriens of CA1 and polymorph layer of dentate gyrus in hippocampus, globus pallidus, thalamus, substantia nigra, superior colliculus, cerebellum > neocortex, striatum, amygdala, hypothalamus, medulla.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry.
References:  51
Cerebellum, thalamus, dentate gyrus, medial central gray > CA3 region of the hippocampus and hypothalamus > basal ganglia, cortex.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Radioligand binding.
References:  41
Expression Datasets

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Log average relative transcript abundance in mouse tissues measured by qPCR from Regard, J.B., Sato, I.T., and Coughlin, S.R. (2008). Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. Cell, 135(3): 561-71. [PMID:18984166] [Raw data: website]

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Functional Assays
Measurement of IP, cAMP and arachidonic acid levels in CHO cells transfected with the rat mGlu1 receptor.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  CHO cells.
Response measured:  IP, cAMP and arachidonic acid formation.
References:  4
Measurement of Ca2+ levels in L929sA cells transfected with the human mGlu1 receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  L929sA cells.
Response measured:  Ca2+ mobilisation.
References:  40,43
Measurement of Ca2+ levels in CHO cells transfected with the rat mGlu1 receptor.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  CHO cells.
Response measured:  Ca2+ mobilisation.
References:  43
Measurement of IP levels in rat cerebellar granule cells expressing the native mGlu1 receptor.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells.
Response measured:  IP accumulation.
References:  42
Measurement of IP levels in L929sA cells transfected with the human mGlu1 receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  L929sA cells.
Response measured:  IP accumulation.
References:  40
Measurement of intracellular Ca2+ levels and K+ conductance in rat dopamine neurons.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area.
Response measured:  Mobilisation of Ca2+ and subsequent increase in K+ conductance.
References:  16
Measurement of IP levels in CHO cells transfected with the rat mGlu1.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  CHO cells.
Response measured:  IP formation.
References:  65
Physiological Functions
Slow excitatory effect as well as inhibitory effects, depending on the channel activated or inhibited.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area.
References:  16
mGlu1 at the periphery is involved in the sensation of inflamatory pain.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Skin.
References:  6
Long-term depression (LTD).
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Purkinje cells.
References:  65
Motor coordination, spacial learning, cerebellar long-term depression (LTD) and hippocampal mossy fibre long-term potentiation (LTP).
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  12
Long-term depression (LTD).
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  2
Excitatory synaptic transmission, long-term depression, short-term potentiation.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Hippocampal slices.
References:  1
Normal synapse formation, synaptic plasticity and motor control.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  27
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression
Cerebellar ataxia.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  2,12,27
Disruption of prepulse inhibition.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  8
Loss of corticostriatal LTD.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  22
Ectopic expression of mGlu1 in melanocyte may cause melanoma
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Transgenesis; induced mutation.
References:  62
Impaired hippocampal LTP.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  1,12
Loss of LTD at the parallel fibre - Purkinje cell synapse.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  2,12
Persistent multiple climbing fiber innervation of cerebellar Purkinje cells.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  29,44
Context-specific deficit in associative learning.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  1
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models Mouse data from MGI

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Allele Composition & genetic background Accession Phenotype Id Phenotype Reference
Grm1tm1Stl|Pcp2+|Pcp2tm1(tTA)23Atai|Tg(tetO-Grm1)7Atai Grm1tm1Stl/Grm1tm1Stl,Pcp2tm1(tTA)23Atai/Pcp2+,Tg(tetO-Grm1)7Atai/?
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6N		 MGI:1351338  MGI:3715312  MGI:97508  MP:0004924 abnormal behavior PMID: 17270300 
Grm1tm1Stl Grm1tm1Stl/Grm1tm1Stl
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001469 abnormal contextual conditioning behavior PMID: 7954802 
Grm1wobl Grm1wobl/Grm1wobl
C57BL/6Apb-Grm1/Apb		 MGI:1351338  MP:0002161 abnormal fertility/fecundity
Grm1rcw Grm1rcw/Grm1rcw
129S1/SvImJ		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001406 abnormal gait
Grm1tm1Stl|Pcp2+|Pcp2tm1(tTA)23Atai|Tg(tetO-Grm1)7Atai Grm1tm1Stl/Grm1tm1Stl,Pcp2tm1(tTA)23Atai/Pcp2+,Tg(tetO-Grm1)7Atai/?
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6N		 MGI:1351338  MGI:3715312  MGI:97508  MP:0001406 abnormal gait PMID: 17270300 
Grm1rcw-2J Grm1rcw-2J/Grm1rcw-2J
either: B6(129X1)-Grm1/J or B6.129X1 Bax/J-Grm1/J		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001386 abnormal maternal nurturing
Grm1rcw-4J Grm1rcw-4J/Grm1rcw-4J
C57BL/6J-Grm1/GrsrJ		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001386 abnormal maternal nurturing
Grm1tm1Stl|Pcp2+|Pcp2tm1(tTA)23Atai|Tg(tetO-Grm1)7Atai Grm1tm1Stl/Grm1tm1Stl,Pcp2tm1(tTA)23Atai/Pcp2+,Tg(tetO-Grm1)7Atai/?
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6N		 MGI:1351338  MGI:3715312  MGI:97508  MP:0001516 abnormal motor coordination/ balance PMID: 17270300 
Grm1tm1Nak Grm1tm1Nak/Grm1tm1Nak
involves: C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0002272 abnormal nervous system electrophysiology PMID: 15305863 
Grm1rcw-4J Grm1rcw-4J/Grm1rcw-4J
C57BL/6J-Grm1/GrsrJ		 MGI:1351338  MP:0002272 abnormal nervous system electrophysiology
Grm1rcw-2J Grm1rcw-2J/Grm1rcw-2J
either: B6(129X1)-Grm1/J or B6.129X1 Bax/J-Grm1/J		 MGI:1351338  MP:0002566 abnormal sexual interaction
Grm1rcw-4J Grm1rcw-4J/Grm1rcw-4J
C57BL/6J-Grm1/GrsrJ		 MGI:1351338  MP:0002566 abnormal sexual interaction
Grm1tm1Crpl Grm1tm1Crpl/Grm1tm1Crpl
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001463 abnormal spatial learning PMID: 7969468 
Grm1tm1Crpl Grm1tm1Crpl/Grm1tm1Crpl
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001393 ataxia PMID: 7969468 
Grm1tm1Stl Grm1tm1Stl/Grm1tm1Stl
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001393 ataxia PMID: 7954802 
Grm1rcw-2J Grm1rcw-2J/Grm1rcw-2J
either: B6(129X1)-Grm1/J or B6.129X1 Bax/J-Grm1/J		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001393 ataxia
Grm1rcw-3J Grm1rcw-3J/Grm1rcw-3J
C57BL/6J-Grm1/GrsrJ		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001393 ataxia
Grm1tm1Dgen Grm1tm1Dgen/Grm1tm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001393 ataxia
Grm1nmf373 Grm1nmf373/Grm1nmf373
C57BL/6J-Grm1/J		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001393 ataxia
Grm1wobl Grm1wobl/Grm1wobl
C57BL/6Apb-Grm1/Apb		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001393 ataxia
Grm1rcw-4J Grm1rcw-4J/Grm1rcw-4J
C57BL/6J-Grm1/GrsrJ		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001393 ataxia
Grm1crv4 Grm1crv4/Grm1crv4
BALB/cPas-Grm1		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001393 ataxia PMID: 16964410 
Grm1rcw-2J Grm1rcw-2J/Grm1rcw-2J
either: B6(129X1)-Grm1/J or B6.129X1 Bax/J-Grm1/J		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001265 decreased body size
Grm1rcw-3J Grm1rcw-3J/Grm1rcw-3J
C57BL/6J-Grm1/GrsrJ		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001265 decreased body size
Grm1tm1Dgen Grm1tm1Dgen/Grm1tm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001265 decreased body size
Grm1rcw-4J Grm1rcw-4J/Grm1rcw-4J
C57BL/6J-Grm1/GrsrJ		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001265 decreased body size
Grm1crv4 Grm1crv4/Grm1crv4
BALB/cPas-Grm1		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001265 decreased body size PMID: 16964410 
Grm1tm1Dgen Grm1tm1Dgen/Grm1tm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001262 decreased body weight
Grm1tm1Dgen Grm1tm1Dgen/Grm1tm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0010124 decreased bone mineral content
Grm1tm1Dgen Grm1tm1Dgen/Grm1tm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0010121 decreased bone mineral density
Grm1tm1Crpl Grm1tm1Crpl/Grm1tm1Crpl
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001417 decreased exploration in new environment PMID: 7969468 
Grm1tm1Dgen Grm1tm1Dgen/Grm1tm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001505 hunched posture
Grm1tm1Dgen Grm1tm1Dgen/Grm1tm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001402 hypoactivity
Grm1rcw Grm1rcw/Grm1rcw
129S1/SvImJ		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001525 impaired balance
Grm1tm1Dgen Grm1tm1Dgen/Grm1tm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001524 impaired limb coordination
Grm1tm1Crpl Grm1tm1Crpl/Grm1tm1Crpl
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001523 impaired righting response PMID: 7969468 
Grm1crv4 Grm1crv4/Grm1crv4
BALB/cPas-Grm1		 MGI:1351338  MP:0000005 increased brown adipose tissue amount PMID: 16964410 
Grm1crv4 Grm1crv4/Grm1crv4
BALB/cPas-Grm1		 MGI:1351338  MP:0000069 kyphoscoliosis PMID: 16964410 
Grm1rcw Grm1rcw/Grm1rcw
129S1/SvImJ		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001513 limb grasping
Grm1nmf373 Grm1nmf373/Grm1nmf373
C57BL/6J-Grm1/J		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001513 limb grasping
Grm1crv4 Grm1crv4/Grm1crv4
BALB/cPas-Grm1		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001925 male infertility PMID: 16964410 
Grm1crv4 Grm1crv4/Grm1crv4
BALB/cPas-Grm1		 MGI:1351338  MP:0000743 muscle spasm PMID: 16964410 
Grm1crv4 Grm1crv4/Grm1crv4
BALB/cPas-Grm1		 MGI:1351338  MP:0005287 narrow eye opening PMID: 16964410 
Grm1tm1Dgen Grm1tm1Dgen/Grm1tm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0002083 premature death
Grm1crv4 Grm1crv4/Grm1crv4
BALB/cPas-Grm1		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001923 reduced female fertility PMID: 16964410 
Grm1tm1Stl Grm1tm1Stl/Grm1tm1Stl
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001921 reduced fertility PMID: 7954802 
Grm1tm1Crpl Grm1tm1Crpl/Grm1tm1Crpl
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001475 reduced long term depression PMID: 7969468 
Grm1tm1Crpl Grm1tm1Crpl/Grm1tm1Crpl
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001473 reduced long term potentiation PMID: 7969468 
Grm1tm1Stl Grm1tm1Stl/Grm1tm1Stl
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001473 reduced long term potentiation PMID: 7954802 
Grm1tm1Crpl Grm1tm1Crpl/Grm1tm1Crpl
Not Specified		 MGI:1351338  MP:0001473 reduced long term potentiation PMID: 12559117 
Grm1tm1Crpl Grm1tm1Crpl/Grm1tm1Crpl
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0000745 tremors PMID: 7969468 
Grm1tm1Stl Grm1tm1Stl/Grm1tm1Stl
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0000745 tremors PMID: 7954802 
Grm1nmf373 Grm1nmf373/Grm1nmf373
C57BL/6J-Grm1/J		 MGI:1351338  MP:0000745 tremors
Grm1crv4 Grm1crv4/Grm1crv4
BALB/cPas-Grm1		 MGI:1351338  MP:0000745 tremors PMID: 16964410 
Grm1tm1Dgen Grm1tm1Dgen/Grm1tm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:1351338  MP:0000746 weakness
Biologically Significant Variants
mGlu1(b): this isoform is generated by the use of an 85 bp exon, which contains an in-frame stop codon. It results in the replacement of the 313 C-terminal amino acids of mGlu1(a) by 20 different residues.
Type:  Splice variants.
Species:  Human
References:  68
mGlu1(b): this isoform is generated by the use of an 85 bp exon, which contains an in-frame stop codon. It results in the replacement of the 313 C-terminal amino acids of mGlu1(a) by 20 different residues.
Type:  Splice variants.
Species:  Mouse
References:  78
mGlu1(b): this isoform is generated by the use of an 85 bp exon, which contains an in-frame stop codon. It results in the replacement of the 313 C-terminal amino acids of mGlu1(a) by 20 different residues.
Type:  Splice variants.
Species:  Rat
References:  72
mGlu1(d): this isoform utilizes an alternative internal splice acceptor site 35 nucleotides downstream of the exon/intron boundary of the last GRM1 exon. It results in the replacement of the 313 C-terminal amino acids of mGluR1a by 22 different residues.
Type:  Splice variants.
Species:  Human
References:  38
mGlu1(d): this isoform utilizes an alternative internal splice acceptor site 35 nucleotides downstream of the exon/intron boundary of the last GRM1 exon. It results in the replacement of the 313 C-terminal amino acids of mGlu1(a) by 26 different residues.
Type:  Splice variants.
Species:  Rat
References:  52,67
mGlu1(e): results from the insertion of a cassette containing an in-frame stop codon before the 7TM region, possibly leading to the production of a soluble extracellular domain of mGlu1.
Type:  Splice variants.
Species:  Mouse
References:  78
Biologically Significant Variant Comments
Genomic data supports the existance of mGlu(1d) in mice
According to genomic sequences mGlu1e appears possible in rat but does not seem to be present in human genomic sequences.

REFERENCES

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To cite this database page, please use the following:

Francine Acher, P. Jeffrey Conn, Robert Duvoisin, Francesco Ferraguti, Peter J. Flor, David Hampson, Michael P. Johnson, James Monn, Shigetada Nakanishi, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Jean-Philippe Pin, Darryle D. Schoepp, Ryuichi Shigemoto.
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: mGlu1 receptor. Last modified on 07/02/2013. Accessed on 21/05/2013. IUPHAR database (IUPHAR-DB), http://www.iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=289.


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