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M2 receptor

Family: Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic)

Contents:
Gene and Protein Information
Previous and Unofficial Names
Database Links
Selected 3D Structures
Agonists
Antagonists
Allosteric Regulators
Transduction Mechanisms
Tissue Distribution
Expression Datasets
Functional Assays
Physiological Functions
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models
General Comments
References
Gene and Protein Information
class A G protein-coupled receptor
Species TM AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 7 466 7q31-q35 CHRM2 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2 2,7-8,74,112
Mouse 7 466 6 B1 Chrm2 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2, cardiac 59
Rat 7 466 4q22 Chrm2 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2 94
Previous and Unofficial Names
m2
acetylcholine receptor, muscarinic 2
Acm2
7TM receptor
M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2
cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2, cardiac
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
muscarinic receptor m2
AChR M2
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2
Chrm-2
Database Links
ChEMBL Target 47 (Hs), 10648 (Mm), 12076 (Rn)
DrugBank Target 617 (Hs)
Ensembl ENSG00000181072 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000045613 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000011928 (Rn)
Entrez Gene 1129 (Hs), 243764 (Mm), 81645 (Rn)
GeneCards CHRM2 (Hs)
GenitoUrinary Development Molecular Anatomy Project Chrm2 (Mm)
HomoloGene 20190 (Hs)
Human Protein Reference Database 00328 (Hs)
InterPro P08172 (Hs), Q9ERZ4 (Mm), P10980 (Rn)
KEGG Gene hsa:1129 (Hs), mmu:243764 (Mm), rno:81645 (Rn)
OMIM 118493 (Hs)
PharmGKB Gene PA111 (Hs)
PhosphoSitePlus P08172 (Hs), Q9ERZ4 (Mm), P10980 (Rn)
Protein Ontology (PRO) PRO:000001614 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide NM_000739 (Hs), NM_203491 (Mm), NM_031016 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein NP_000730 (Hs), NP_987076 (Mm), NP_112278 (Rn)
TreeFam ENSG00000181072 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000045613 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000011928 (Rn)
UniGene Hs. 535891 (Hs)
UniProt P08172 (Hs), Q9ERZ4 (Mm), P10980 (Rn)
Wikipedia M2 receptor
Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic)
Selected 3D Structures
Image of receptor 3D structure from RCSB PDB
Description:  Structure of the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor bound to an antagonist
PDB Id:  3UON
Ligand:  3-quinuclidinyl-benzilate
Resolution:  3.0Å
Species:  Human
References:  33
Search for other structures on the PDB
Search by keyword: Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic) M2 receptor Search by accession number: P10980, P08172, Q9ERZ4
Natural/Endogenous Ligand(s)
acetylcholine
Agonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Affinity Units Reference
NNC 11-1585 Hs Full agonist 10.1 pKi 18
NNC 11-1607 Hs Full agonist 8.2 pKi 18
pentylthio-TZTP Hs Full agonist 7.9 pKi 42
NNC 11-1314 Hs Full agonist 7.2 pKi 18
xanomeline Hs Full agonist 6.9 – 7.4 pKi 101,107
oxotremorine Rn Full agonist 6.5 pKi 47
acetylcholine Rn Full agonist 6.4 pKi 47
oxotremorine Hs Full agonist 5.0 – 6.6 pKi 42,47
arecaidine propargyl ester Hs Full agonist 5.7 pKi 42
carbachol Rn Full agonist 5.7 pKi 47
acetylcholine Hs Full agonist 4.3 – 6.5 pKi 17,42,47,51
McN-A-343 Rn Partial agonist 4.7 – 6.0 pKi 49
arecoline Hs Full agonist 5.2 pKi 42
carbachol Hs Full agonist 4.2 – 5.7 pKi 17,42,47
methylfurmethide Hs Full agonist 4.9 pKi 42
oxotremorine-M Hs Full agonist 4.9 pKi 42
pilocarpine Hs Partial agonist 4.9 pKi 42
furmethide Hs Full agonist 4.5 pKi 42
bethanechol Hs Full agonist 4.0 pKi 42
(+)aceclidine Hs Full agonist 6.2 – 6.4 pEC50 23,32
(-)aceclidine Hs Partial agonist 5.6 – 5.7 pEC50 23,32
View species-specific agonist tables
Agonist Comments
The binding data for McN-A-343 [49] is found on rat heart.
Please consult references [10,53,77,100,106] for further details of the activity of some of the ligands in this list.
Pilocarpine has been found to be a partial agonist [53,106] and a full agonist [100] at the M2 receptor.
Antagonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Affinity Units Reference
MT3 Hs Antagonist 6.3 pA2 71
[3H]QNB Hs Antagonist 10.1 – 10.6 pKd 74
[3H](-)MQNB Hs Antagonist 9.6 pKd 47
[3H](-)MQNB Rn Antagonist 9.5 pKd 47
[3H]N-methyl scopolamine Rn Antagonist 9.5 pKd 85
[3H]4NMPB Rn Antagonist 9.4 pKd 85
[3H]AF DX-384 Hs Antagonist 8.7 pKd 66
[3H]N-methyl scopolamine Hs Antagonist 6.3 – 9.9 pKd 15,17,36,42-44,46,51,100
tripitramine Hs Antagonist 9.6 pKi 58
propantheline Hs Antagonist 9.5 pKi 38
atropine Rn Antagonist 9.0 – 9.1 pKi 45,47
dexetimide Hs Antagonist 8.9 pKi 47
dexetimide Rn Antagonist 8.8 pKi 47
ipratropium Hs Antagonist 8.8 pKi 36
scopolamine Hs Antagonist 8.7 pKi 38
SCH 57790 Hs Antagonist 8.6 pKi 48
tolterodine Hs Inverse agonist 8.6 pKi 69
atropine Hs Antagonist 7.8 – 9.2 pKi 11,17,36,38,47,69,74
4-DAMP Hs Antagonist 8.3 pKi 47
4-DAMP Rn Antagonist 8.2 pKi 45,47
AFDX384 Hs Antagonist 8.2 pKi 21
himbacine Hs Antagonist 7.9 – 8.4 pKi 44,47,65
himbacine Rn Antagonist 7.9 pKi 47
methoctramine Hs Antagonist 7.3 – 8.4 pKi 11,25,47,69
oxybutynin Hs Inverse agonist 7.7 pKi 69
hexocyclium Hs Antagonist 7.6 pKi 11
silahexocyclium Hs Antagonist 7.5 pKi 11
darifenacin Hs Inverse agonist 7.3 – 7.6 pKi 36,69
methoctramine Rn Antagonist 7.3 pKi 47
AF-DX 116 Hs Antagonist 6.7 – 7.3 pKi 11,25,47
imipramine Hs Antagonist 6.9 pKi 47
HHSiD Rn Antagonist 6.7 – 6.8 pKi 45,47
hexahydrodifenidol Hs Antagonist 6.7 pKi 11
HHSiD Hs Antagonist 6.6 – 6.8 pKi 11,25,47
dicyclomine Hs Antagonist 6.6 pKi 11
pirenzepine Rn Antagonist 5.3 – 7.4 pKi 45,47,85
p-F-HHSiD Hs Antagonist 6.1 – 6.6 pKi 25,38
VU0255035 Hs Antagonist 6.2 pKi 83
MT3 Hs Antagonist 6.0 pKi 44
AF-DX 116 Rn Antagonist 4.6 – 7.3 pKi 45,47,85
gallamine Hs Antagonist 5.8 pKi 47
pirenzepine Hs Antagonist 4.9 – 6.4 pKi 11,25,38,44,47,69,74
gallamine Rn Antagonist 5.6 pKi 47
lithocholylcholine Hs Antagonist 5.4 pKi 17
guanylpirenzepine Rn Antagonist 5.3 pKi 99
levetimide Hs Antagonist 5.0 pKi 47
levetimide Rn Antagonist 4.8 pKi 47
View species-specific antagonist tables
Antagonist Comments
Dexetimide is the optical isomer of levetimide [47].
Allosteric Regulators
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Affinity Units Reference
alcuronium Hs Neutral 6.1 – 6.9 pKd 42,93
WIN 51,708 Hs Negative 5.9 pKd 56
KT 5823 Hs Positive 5.7 pKd 55
WIN 62,577 Hs Negative 5.3 pKd 56
staurosporine Hs Positive 5.1 pKd 55
vincamine Hs Neutral 5.1 pKd 42
Gö 7874 Hs Negative 5.0 pKd 55
strychnine Hs Positive 4.9 – 5.0 pKd 42,51,93
N-benzyl brucine Hs Negative 4.8 pKd 54
N-benzyl brucine Hs Positive 4.8 pKd 54
N-chloromethyl-brucine Hs Positive 4.6 pKd 54
N-chloromethyl-brucine Hs Negative 4.6 pKd 54
brucine Hs Positive 4.3 – 4.6 pKd 42,54
brucine Hs Negative 4.3 pKd 54
eburnamonine Hs Neutral 4.2 pKd 42
thiochrome Hs Neutral 3.9 pKd 52
brucine N-oxide Hs Negative 3.5 pKd 54
brucine N-oxide Hs Positive 3.5 pKd 54
dimethyl-W84 Hs Positive 8.5 pKi 93
[3H]dimethyl-W84 Hs Positive 8.5 pKi 93
W-84 Hs Positive 7.6 pKi 93
WDuo3 Hs Positive 6.9 pKi 93
gallamine Hs Negative 5.8 – 7.6 pKi 47,93
gallamine Rn Negative 5.6 pKi 47
View species-specific allosteric regulator tables

Explore drug-target interactions for this set of compounds using iPHACE

Primary Transduction Mechanisms
Transducer Effector/Response
Gi/Go family Adenylate cyclase inhibition
References:  64,73
Secondary Transduction Mechanisms
Transducer Effector/Response
Gs family
Gq/G11 family 		Adenylate cyclase stimulation
Phospholipase C stimulation
References:  32,63
Tissue Distribution
Ciliary muscle.
Species:  Human
Technique:  In situ hybridisation and Northern blotting.
References:  111
CNS: cerebral cortex, thalamus, brainstem, medulla, hypothalamus.
Species:  Human
Technique:  Radioligand binding.
References:  19
Vestibular system.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  98
Esophageal smooth muscle.
Species:  Human
Technique:  Radioligand binding.
References:  75
Bladder.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  95
CNS: forebrain.
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  immunocytochemistry.
References:  37
CNS: cerebral cortex, corpus striatum, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons-medulla, cerebellum, spinal cord.
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  Radioligand binding.
References:  70
Intestinal smooth muscle.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Radioligand binding.
References:  14
CNS: caudate putamen.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  in situ hybridisation.
References:  102
CNS: hippocampus.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  immunocytochemistry.
References:  57
CNS: pons.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Radioligand binding.
References:  3
Heart: intrinsic neurons.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  in situ hybridisation.
References:  35
Salivary gland: submandibular ganglion.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry.
References:  84
Vestibular system.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  98
CNS: basal forebrain, parabigeminal nucleus, pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei, cranial nerve nuclei.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  in situ hybridisation.
References:  97
CNS: cerebral cortex, hipocampus, corpus striatum, olfactory tubercle, midbrain, pons-medulla, cerebellum.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Immunoprecipitation.
References:  108
Expression Datasets

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Log average relative transcript abundance in mouse tissues measured by qPCR from Regard, J.B., Sato, I.T., and Coughlin, S.R. (2008). Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. Cell, 135(3): 561-71. [PMID:18984166] [Raw data: website]

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Functional Assays
Measurement of cAMP levels in CHO cells transfected with the human M2 receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  CHO cells.
Response measured:  Inhibition of cAMP accumulation.
References:  15,17-18,77
Measurement of cAMP levels in mouse Y1 adrenal cells transfected with the mouse M2 receptor.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Y1 adrenal cells.
Response measured:  Inhibition of cAMP accumulation.
References:  82
Measurement of cAMP levels in JEG-3 cells transfected with the human M2 receptor, using a cAMP response element (CRE)-coupled luciferase construct as the reporter.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  JEG-3 cells.
Response measured:  Inhibition of cAMP accumulation.
References:  64
Measurement of cAMP levels in dissociated rat cortical tissue endogenously expressing the M2 receptor.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Cortical tissue.
Response measured:  Inhibition of cAMP accumulation.
References:  1
Measurement of ERK1/2 activity in COS-7 cells transfected with the human M2 receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  COS-7 cells.
Response measured:  Increase in ERK1/2 activity.
References:  78
Measurement of GIRK channel activity in Xenopus oocytes transfected with the human M2 receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Xenopus oocytes.
Response measured:  Activation of GIRK channels.
References:  109
Measurement of GIRK channel activity in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons endogenously expressing the M2 receptor.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Superior cervical ganglion neurons.
Response measured:  Activation of GIRK channels.
References:  27-28
Measurement of AC activity in rat myocardial homogenates endogenously expressing the M2 receptor.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Myocardial homogenates.
Response measured:  Inhibition of AC activity.
References:  22
Measurement of the effects of a ligand on the level, or rate, of binding of GTPγ35S to membranes.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  CHO cells.
Response measured:  The binding of GTPγ35S to G proteins coupled to the receptor.
References:  5,50-53,55-56
Measurement of the effects of a ligand on the rate of hydrolysis of GTP by G proteins in membranes.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  CHO cell membranes.
Response measured:  Generation of 32Pi from [γ-32P]GTP.
References:  53
Physiological Functions
Vasodilation.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Pulmonary artery.
References:  62
Mediation of colonic motor responses to eating.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  68
Hypertension.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  72
Stimulation of pancreatic secretion.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  16
Stimulation of water consumption.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  34
Control of small intestinal motility.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  26
Hypotension.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  89
Bradycardia.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  89
Thermal automodulator.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  81
Autoreceptor: modulation of ACh release.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Bronchi.
References:  67,91
Stimulation of histamine release.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Stomach.
References:  79
Spinal analgesia.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  30
Autoreceptor: modulation of ACh release.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Heart.
References:  6
Locomotor activity.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  9
Modulation of the sleep-wake cycle.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  39-41
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression
Atrial preparations from M2 receptor knockout mice do not exhibit agonist-induced bradycardia as seen in wild-type atrial preparations.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  12,31,87
M2 receptor knockout mice do not exhibit agonist-induced tremor as seen in wild-type mice.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  31
M2 receptor knockout mice exhibit reduced agonist-induced hypothermia as compared to wild-type mice.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  31
M2 receptor knockout mice exhibit reduced agonist-induced antinociception compared to wild-type mice.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  20,31
Smooth muscle preparations (stomach fundus, urinary bladder, trachea, gallbladder) from M2 receptor knockout mice exhibit reduced agonist-induced contractions compared to wild-type mice.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  12,86-87
Hippocampal, cortical and striatal brain slices from M2/M4 double knockout mice lack muscarinic agonist-induced inhibition of acetylcholine release that is seen with wild-type brain slices.
From M2 receptor single knockout mice, the hippocampal and cortical slices exhibit this loss of inhibition of acetylcholine release, but the inhibition remains in the striatal slices.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  110
Skin preparations from M2 receptor knockout mice no longer show muscarinic-induced desensitisation of peripheral nociception.
In addition, the heat-induced release of CGRP which is inhibited by muscarine in wild-type mice is unaltered in M2 knockout mice.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  4
Tissue from atria, bladder and vas deferens of M2 receptor knockout mice exhibit reduced agonist-induced inhibition of noradrenaline release compared to wild-type mice.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  92
Smooth muscle preparations (ileum, trachea, urinary bladder) from M2 receptor knockout mice exhibit increased relaxant effects of forskolin and isoproterenol against agonist-induced contractions.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  24,60
M2 receptor knockout mice exhibit a reduced muscarinic antagonist-induced increase in hippocampal acetylcholine release compared to wild-type mice.
M2/M4 double knockout mice completely lack this response.
In addition, M2 and M2/M4 knockout mice exhibit an increase in hippocampal acetylcholine release in response to a novel environment.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  96
Lung slices from M2 receptor knockout mice exhibit reduced agonist-induced bronchoconstriction compared to wild-type mice.
This bronchoconstriction is completely abolished in M2/M3 double knockout mice.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  88
M2 receptor knockout mice do not exhibit agonist-induced or vagally-stimulated bradycardia in vivo as seen in wild-type mice.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  29
M2 receptor knockout mice exhibit increased agonist-induced or vagally-stimulated bronchoconstriction in vivo compared to wild-type mice.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  29
M2 receptor knockout mice exhibit impaired behavioural flexibility, working memory and hippocampal plasticity.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  80
M2 receptor knockout mice exhibit increased agonist/stress-induced pituitary-adrenal responses.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  76
Smooth muscle from the small intestine of M2 receptor knockout mice do not exhibit any alteration in EFS-induced acetylcholine release.
However, M2/M4 double knockout mice exhibit an increase in acetylcholine release.
Overall, it is thought that both M2 and M4 receptors mediate the autoinhibitory control of acetylcholine release in the mouse ileum, and that each can compensate for loss of the other.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  90
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models Mouse data from MGI

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Allele Composition & genetic background Accession Phenotype Id Phenotype Reference
Chrm2tm1Jwe|Chrm4tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe,Chrm4tm1Jwe/Chrm4tm1Jwe
involves: 129S4/SvJae * 129S6/SvEvTac * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MGI:88399  MP:0004994 abnormal brain wave pattern PMID: 16110248 
Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe
involves: 129S4/SvJae * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MP:0002206 abnormal CNS synaptic transmission PMID: 15919709 
Chrm2tm1Jwe|Chrm4tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe,Chrm4tm1Jwe/Chrm4tm1Jwe
involves: 129S4/SvJae * 129S6/SvEvTac * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MGI:88399  MP:0002206 abnormal CNS synaptic transmission PMID: 15919709 
Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe
involves: 129S4/SvJae * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MP:0005085 abnormal gallbladder physiology PMID: 11961069 
Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe
involves: 129S4/SvJae * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MP:0001629 abnormal heart rate PMID: 10688600 
Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe
B6.129S4-Chrm2		 MGI:88397  MP:0002566 abnormal sexual interaction PMID: 18382674 
Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe
B6.129S4-Chrm2		 MGI:88397  MP:0001529 abnormal vocalization PMID: 18382674 
Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe
involves: 129S4/SvJae * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MP:0001945 bronchoconstriction PMID: 14645675 
Chrm2tm1Jwe|Chrm3tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe,Chrm3tm1Jwe/Chrm3tm1Jwe
involves: 129S4/SvJae * 129S6/SvEvTac * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MGI:88398  MP:0001945 bronchoconstriction PMID: 14645675 
Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe
involves: 129S4/SvJae * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MP:0001262 decreased body weight PMID: 9990086 
Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe
involves: 129S4/SvJae * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MP:0001982 decreased chemically-elicited antinociception PMID: 9990086 
Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe
involves: 129S4/SvJae * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MP:0008874 decreased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic PMID: 9990086 
Chrm2+|Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2+
involves: 129S4/SvJae * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MP:0008874 decreased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic PMID: 9990086 
Chrm2tm1Minm|Chrm3tm1Mmt Chrm2tm1Minm/Chrm2tm1Minm,Chrm3tm1Mmt/Chrm3tm1Mmt
involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6		 MGI:88397  MGI:88398  MP:0000539 distended urinary bladder PMID: 12486155 
Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe
involves: 129S4/SvJae * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MP:0009747 impaired behavioral response to xenobiotic PMID: 10688600 
Chrm2+|Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2+
involves: 129S4/SvJae * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MP:0009747 impaired behavioral response to xenobiotic PMID: 9990086 
Chrm2tm1Minm|Chrm3tm1Mmt Chrm2tm1Minm/Chrm2tm1Minm,Chrm3tm1Mmt/Chrm3tm1Mmt
involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6		 MGI:88397  MGI:88398  MP:0000742 impaired contractility of ileal smooth muscle PMID: 12486155 
Chrm2tm1Jwe Chrm2tm1Jwe/Chrm2tm1Jwe
involves: 129S4/SvJae * CF-1		 MGI:88397  MP:0000740 impaired smooth muscle contractility PMID: 10688600  11961069 
Chrm2tm1Minm|Chrm3tm1Mmt Chrm2tm1Minm/Chrm2tm1Minm,Chrm3tm1Mmt/Chrm3tm1Mmt
involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6		 MGI:88397  MGI:88398  MP:0000740 impaired smooth muscle contractility PMID: 12486155 
Chrm2tm1Minm|Chrm3tm1Mmt Chrm2tm1Minm/Chrm2tm1Minm,Chrm3tm1Mmt/Chrm3tm1Mmt
involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6		 MGI:88397  MGI:88398  MP:0002546 mydriasis PMID: 12486155 
Chrm2tm1Minm|Chrm3tm1Mmt Chrm2tm1Minm/Chrm2tm1Minm,Chrm3tm1Mmt/Chrm3tm1Mmt
involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6		 MGI:88397  MGI:88398  MP:0001732 postnatal growth retardation PMID: 12486155 
General Comments
For reviews on muscarinic receptor knockout mice see [13,61,103-105].

REFERENCES

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1. Anderson, D. J. and McKinney, M. (1988) Muscarinic M2 receptor-mediated cyclic AMP reduction in mechanically dissociated rat cortex. Brain Res, 475: 28-34. [PMID:2850835]

2. Badner, J. A., Yoon, S. W., Turner, G., Bonner, T. I. and Detera-Wadleigh, S. D. (1995) Multipoint genetic linkage analysis of the m2 human muscarinic receptor gene. Mamm Genome, 6: 489-490. [PMID:7579899]

3. Baghdoyan, H. A. (1997) Location and quantification of muscarinic receptor subtypes in rat pons: implications for REM sleep generation. Am J Physiol, 273: R896-R904. [PMID:9321865]

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To cite this database page, please use the following:

Nigel J. M. Birdsall, David A. Brown, Noel J. Buckley, Arthur Christopoulos, Richard M. Eglen, Frederick Ehlert, Rudolf Hammer, Heinz J. Kilbinger, Günter Lambrecht, Fred Mitchelson, Ernst Mutschler, Neil M. Nathanson, Roy D. Schwarz, Andrew B. Tobin, Jurgen Wess.
Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic): M2 receptor. Last modified on 05/03/2013. Accessed on 25/05/2013. IUPHAR database (IUPHAR-DB), http://www.iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=14.


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